Descripción
Descripción
Measurement of Wind direction and Wind velocity.
• highest precision
• maintenance-free / with heating
• digital and analogue outputs
1. Range of Application
The Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D is designed to acquire the horizontal components of wind velocity and wind direction as well as the virtual temperature. Due to the high measuring rate, the instrument is ideal for the inertia free measurement of gusts and peak values. The accuracy of the air temperature measurement (virtual temperature) surpasses that one of the classic method where the temperature transmitter is used in a weather and thermal radiation shield. The measured data are available as analogue signals or as a data telegram via a serial interface. The sensors as well as the instrument body are automatically heated, in case of critical ambient temperatures. Thus, the function is guaranteed even in case of snowfall or freezing rain, and the risk of icing is extensively avoided.
2. Mode of Operation
The Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D consists of 4 ultrasonic transformers, in pairs of 2 which are opposite each other at a distance of 200 mm.
The two measurement paths thus formed are vertical to each other.
The transformers act both as acoustic transmitters and acoustic receivers.
The respective measurement paths and their measurement direction are selected via the electronic control. When a measurement starts, a sequence of 8 individual measurements in all 4 directions of the measurement paths is carried out at maximum speed.
The measurement directions (acoustic propagation directions) rotate clockwise, first from south to north, then from west to east, from north to south and finally from east to west.
The mean values are formed from the 8 individual measurements of the path directions and used for further calculations.
A measurement sequence takes approx. 2,5 msec at +20°C.
3. Measurement Principle
3.1 Wind velocity and direction
The speed of propagation of the sound in calm air is superposed by the velocity components of an air flow in wind direction.
A wind velocity component in the direction of the propagation of the sound supports the speed of propagation, thus leading to an increase in the speed. A wind velocity component opposite to the direction of propagation, on the contrary, leads to a reduction of the speed of propagation.
The speed of propagation resulting from the superposition leads to different propagation times of the sound at different wind velocities and directions over a fixed measurement path.
As the speed of sound is very dependent on the air temperature, the propagation time of the sound is measured on both of the measurement paths in both directions. In this way, the influence of the temperature dependent speed of sound on the measurement result can be eliminated.
By combining the two measuring paths which are at right angles to each other, one obtains the measurement results of the sum and the angle of the wind velocity vector.
Afterwards, one receive the angle and the sum of the wind velocity by transformation into polar coordinates.
3.2 Virtual Temperature
As previously mentioned, the speed of the propagation of sound is highly dependent on the air temperature, but is hardly affected by air pressure and humidity. Thus these physical properties of gases can be used to measure air temperature.
As this is a measurement of gas temperature which is made without thermal coupling to a measurement sensor, it is called the «virtual temperature».
The advantages of this measured variable is, on the one hand, its inertia free reaction to the actual gas temperature, and, on the other, the avoidance of measurement errors such as those which occur when a solid state temperature sensor is heated up by radiation.
With air temperature measurement by a measuring sensor in a weather- and thermal radiation shield measurement errors occur in out-door environment. When the shield is warmed up by sun irradiation, the measuring values are too high, and on the other hand too low, due to evaporation cooling with rain and wind.
The measuring errors of those thermometers in practice can be up to ± 2 °K.
In this context, the 2D-Anemometer achieves a measuring accuracy of ± 1 °K over the entire temperature range from 40° C to + 70° C, thus offering a very precise determination of the air temperature without the disadvantages caused by the use in a weather and thermal radiation shield.
Wind velocity | |
Measuring range | 0…75 m/s, scaling of the analogue output is free selectable |
Accuracy (RMS-average over 360°) | ± 0,1 m/s, iin the range 0… 5 m/s, or. ± 2 % of meas. value, from > 5 m/s |
Wind direction | 0…360º |
Accuracy | ± 1º |
Data output digital | |
Interface | RS 485 / 422 |
Baud rate | 1200 bis 230400 selectable |
Output | Instantan. values, wind velocity, -direction and acoustic-virtual temperature. gliding mean values 0,5 sec … 100 min. free selectable Standard deviation for wind velocity, wind direction and acoustic-virtual temperature. Pre-defined and user-defined telegrams |
Output rate | 1 per 1 msec to 1 per 60 seconds, selectable in msec |
Status recognition | Heating, measurement path failure, ΔT path temperatures |
Data output analogue | |
Electr. output | 0/2…10 V or 0/4…20 mA, wind velocity, Wind direction and virt. temperature |
Output | Instantan. values, gliding mean values 0,5 sec to 100 min free selectable |
Resolution | 16 bit |
Output rate | Up-date rate 1Hz to 100 Hz selectable |
Load at power output | max. 400 Ohm |
Load at voltage output | min. 4000 Ohm |
Analogue Inputs | |
Number | Up to five analogue inputs possible. 3x standard, 2x optional |
Resolution | 16 Bit |
Scanning rate | 0,1 Hz bis 100 Hz per channel |
Input range | 0 – 10V |
Data processing | Output of the measuring values in the user-specific telegram. |
Accuracy | ± 0,1% in the range -50 … +70°C |
Linearity, integral | INL: type <6LSB |
Effective low-noise bits | Type 14 Bit at DC-supply for avoidance of cross-talking in the connection line |
General | |
Internal measuring rate | 400 Hz at 25 ºC |
Supply electronics | 8 V to 42 V DC type. 1,5 VA, max. 2,5 VA 12 V to 30 V AC type. 1,5 VA, max. 2,5 VA |
Supply heating | 24V AC/DC ±15%; type. 80 VA, max. 90 VA @ 24 V |
Temperature range | operating – 50 … +70 °C; storing -50 … +80°C measurement operation with heating possible up to -75°C |
Icing resistance | acc. to THIES STD 012001 |
Icing resistance | acc. to THIES STD 012002 |
EMC | |
Reference number | Specification |
EN61000-6-2:2005 | Electromagnetic compatibility
Immunity for industrial environment |
EN61000-4-4:2002 level 4 4kV | Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test |
EN61000-4-5:2001 level 4 4kV | Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test |
EN61000-6-3:2006 | Electromagnetic compatibility Emission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments |
EN61010-1:2001 | Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. Part 1: General requirements |
IEC 60945: 2002 | Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Part 8.7 Vibration Part 8.12 Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium, chloride solution) Part 9 Test of emission Part 10 Test of immunity Part 11.2 Safe distance to magnetic-compass Part 12.1 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures |
Mouting | onto mast tube 1½», for ex. DIN 2441 |
Connection | 8 pole plug connector in the shaft or with connected cable |
Weight | 2,5 kg |
Virtual Temperature | |
Measuring range | – 50…+70 ºC |
Accuracy | ± 0,5 K to 35 m/s |